wellington



3 sheets -sheet 1.

(No Model.)

H. WELLINGTON.

LAMP.

No. 341,194. Patented May 4, 1886.

N. PETERS, Phowl-Kho n h-r, V/nshm mn, D. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. WELLINGTON.

LAMP. No.341,194. Patented May 4,1886.

N PETERS, Phdlo-Ullmgnpher; Wauhi nnnnnn Q (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H. WELLINGTON.

LAMP. N0 341 194. Patented May 4, 1886.

nrrnn STATES PATENT Fries.

HENRY XVELLING'TON, OF BROOKLYN, NE\V YORK.

LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. $14,194:, dated May 4, 1886.

(No model.)

T at whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY W'ELLINe'roN, of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

My invention has relation tolamps or other illuminating apparatus, and particularly to that class known as "vacuum-lamps," though some of the improvements hereinafter specified might be used in apparatus wherein the oil or liquid fuel is governed in its flow to the burner upon other principles than by use of the vacuum.

Among the objects of my invention are the production of a simple, safe, durable, and effective means of automatically closing the outlet for oil from the reservoir at theinstant of opening the inlet for supply, and insuring that both passages cannot be" opened at the same time; to provide a locking mechanism for the cover of the reservoir, by which the valves are operated and the cover maintained in position over the reservoir (or prevented from being removed) until the valve governing the outlet-port is securely closed, and for preventing unauthorized interference or accidental disarrangement of the valves before the cover is properly replaced; to simplify and improve the construction of theburner in respect to the feeding of air to the flame; to the admission of oil or liquid fuel thereto; to the )revention of wee in inside or outside of the main tubes and at the wick-raiser shaft; to the raising and lowering of the wick; to the mounting of the chimney, and to the construction, arrangement, and mounting of the dripcup; to provide a simple, handy, and durable form of removable shade-holder; to prevent oscillation of the flame from various causes, and, generally, to produce an apparatus affording a large, brilliant, and steady flame, with an economical consumption of fuel, and with accessible and conveniently operating parts for handling, filling, lighting, moving, sustaining, and otherwise operating or using the lamp. To accomplish all of this my improvements involve certain novel and useful peculiarities of construction, relative arrangements or combinations of parts and principles of operation, all of which will be herein first fully described, and then pointed out in the claims. 7

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of thelamp constructed and arranged for operation in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the reservoiutop detached, showing the key for operating the valves in place thereon. Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. 4 atop or plan view of the lock-casing. Fig. 5 is a side elevation showing the upper and lower parts of the lock in place, one upon the other, the casing being removed; and Fig. 6 is a similar view of these two parts in the relative position which they assume when turned by the key so as to close the lower valve in the reservoir and release the cover, at the same time opening the inlet in order that oil may be fed to the reservoir. Fig. 7 is aplan of the top, and Fig. 8 a plan of the bottom, of the lock, as shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a horizontal sectional view showing the outer and inner tubes of the burner, and the construction and arrangement of the wick-raising mechanism, and the means for preventing escape of oil around the shaft of the ratehets. Figs. 10 and 11 are perspective views of the upper and lower parts of the lock in the same rela tive positions as indicated in the elevations, Figs. 5 and 6; and Figs. 12 and 13 are perspective views of the two parts separated from each other. Fig. l4c isa vertical section of the burner on a larger scale than in Fig. 1, the arrows indicating the direction of aircurrents. Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the wick raising ratchets mounted upon their shaft. Fig. 16 is a horizontal sectional view of a fragment of the chimney-holder, showing the manner of mounting one of the shadeholder arms thereon.

In all the figures like letters of reference, wherever they occur, indicate corresponding parts.

A is the reservoir, preferably made of glass or other transparent or translucent material, so that the height of oil therein contained may be readily observed. Tubes B and B, to gether with the ball 0, constitute the conduit for oil from the reservoir to the burner, and

through these the reservoir and burner,with attachments, are supported on the standard or bracket. In the metallic bottom of the reservoir is a cross-piece, D, having a valveseat, a, therein, and also a socket for the reception of the oil-tube B and one for the airpipe b, as plainly shown. The air-pipe 1) extends nearly to the top of the reservoir, to prevent admis sion of oil thereto. The cross-bar D and tube B are soldered at theirjunctions with the metallic base of the reservoir, so as to make the support for the reservoir and the interior valve arrangements perfectly solid and secure. The lower valve, or the one which controls the flow of oil from the reservoir, is made in the form of a cylinder, 0, with closed top, slightly concaved, to afford a convenient seat and bearing for the valve-rod d. In this valve is a small perforation, as at e, the same being so located as to be closed as soon as the valve is forced far enough down into its seat, and when this occurs the valve also closes the oiloutlet f, leading to the tube B, affording a double gate against the passage of oil from the reservoir when the valve is forced down. All oil passing from the reservoir must escape through perforations e and f. Upon the upper part of the valve-rod d is a valve, g, with leather or other oil-resisting packing, the same being arranged to bear firmly against the margin of the feeding-inlet, and to close that inlet securely against admission of air until purposely unseated.

A spring, 71, within the hollow valve and its hollow seat, operates to maintain the lower valve in open position and the upper valvein closed position until the situation of the two valves is purposely reversed.

The neck 1', secured to cap-piece k, constitutes a filling-funnel, at the bottom of which is the opening governed by valve 9. This neck is made of glass, so that the rise of the oil in the reservoir may be observed through it, and overfilling obviated; but, manifestly, it could be made of metal. The valve-stem d projects up through this funnel,within which is located the lock-easel, having perforations through its lower part for the free passage of oil. The upper opening of neck i is closed by a cover, E, made removable, for the purpose of admitting oil to the reservoir, which oil must pass through the opening governed by valve 9.

The valve 9 cannot be moved from its seat until the cover E is removed, and the cover E is so connected with the-other parts by the lock and key that it cannot be removed until the valve-stem is forced down far enough to close the lower valve.

Upon cover E is secured the key m, the same having notches, with which the top ofthe lockease engages until the key is turned (through the medium of the attached cover) to a certain position, previous to which the key cannot be withdrawn from the case. The top of the case is shown in Fig. 4. Of course the form of these parts may be variously modified. The lock is composed of two main parts, a and 0, the part 02. resting upon the top of the valve-stem, and having projecting ribs or feathers 1), arranged to move up and down in marginal slots in the lock-case, one of which is represented at q, being thereby prevented from turning. The other part, 0, is turned by the key on. As the part a-is forced down, the valvestem dis moved so as to control the valves. The lock being in place and the key inserted, the turning or twisting of the cover will revolve the part 0, and the inclined face thereon will (as it bears upon the correspondiugly-inclined face of the lower part) force the lower part down, and it is held down against the upward tendency of spring h by reason of the flat faces of the two parts assuming the relative positions indicated in Figs. 6 and 11, the top of the lower part then bearing against the bottom of the upper part, from which position the two parts can only be dislodged by turning the upper part (within the lock-case) by means of the key. hen in this position the lower valve will be closed, the upper one opened, and the cover E may be removed and oil supplied to the reservoir. As the lock cannot be moved without a key, the valves are not liable to be disturbed until the cover is replaced and the lamp in condition to be employed. The reservoir being charged, the cover is replaced and given a slight turn. As soon as the fiat faces of the lock are carried past each other, the spring h automatically forces the valve-stem up, thus opening the lower and closing the upper valve, and the cover is locked in place.

The lock is so arranged that about one-sixth of a complete turn of the cover is all that is necessary to allow the parts to assume their normal working condition. This manner of controlling the times at which oil may be introduced into the reservoir is valuable and important, because of the immunity from accident which it insures.

As the oil passing through B and B is burned away, air finds admission to the upper part of the reservoir through tube b, and permits the outflow of more oil, and the feeding is kept constant. Vithout this admission of air the constant feeding could not take place, the oil being supported in the reservoir by reason of the existence of a vacuum or partial vacuum in the upper part thereof.

Within the ball 0 is the stationary inner 7 tube, 0, and upon the lower part of G is the shell 0 the last-named parts being secured to each other (but so that one may revolve within the other) by bending or creasing the material of the shell, as at a, into a groove or furrow formed on the lower part of the tube. Within the shell Ois a block, 0, through which passes the thumb or set-screw 0', arranged to bear against the supporting-standard, of Whatever character that maybe. The screw being set as indicated, the lamp is sustained at any desired height upon the standard, and may be revolved through the medium of the peculiar connection between the shell and tube, as above indicated. By simply loosening the set-screw the lamp may be raised or lowered at pleasure, and instantly secured at the desired height. As the lamp is moved up and down, the screwconnections follow with it, and are thus always in proper place for use. The advantages of swinging the lamp without moving the standard are quite obvious.

In Fig. 1 the standard is given a wide base, (for table or stand lamps,) the base-block 0 being of cast-iron, into which an iron rod, (3, is secured. A shell of brass or other metal is spun over the base-block, and a brass or other coveringtube, as C, may be placed upon the rod, all of which is for the purpose of producing a fine finish, as in the better class of goods.

The covering-tube is secured in place by use of the eye 0 at top, the same being screwed upon the central rod and serving as a means of carrying the lamp.

F is the oil-receptacle of the burner. It is preferably madeof glass or other transparent or translucent material, so that the supply of oil therein can be readily observed.

F is the central air-tube, around which the wick passes.

The drip-cup F" at the base of the burner is so formed as to spring upon the metallic bottom F" of the oil-receptacle, from which it can be readily removed. The drip cup has a foraminated top, F, and a foraminated portion, f, through which air is admitted on its way to the central tube, the currents being thereby so modified as to prevent the flame from flickering.

XVithin the top of the drip-cup is a removable perforated plate, F whereof the central part is preferably elevated, substantially as shown. The drip cup being detached, the plate F can be readily removed and cleaned of any pieces of burned wick, &c.', which may accumulate upon its upper surface, and its office is to assist in modifying the incoming air-currents, as well as to aflbrd an easy means of keeping the air-channels at the base of the burner cleared of all obstructions to the free and proper admission of air.

The direction taken by the aincurrents on their way to the flame are indicated by the arrows in Fig. 14.

Around the lower part of the central airtubeis a second tube, G, forming therewith an annular space, into which the lower part of the wick projects, and into which oil is admitted from the oil-receptacle F through a series of small perforations, 9. Upon the upper part of tube G is an enlarged chamber, G, with which the tube B communicates, and oil from this chamber finds its way into the oil-receptacle F through a small perforation, Outside of G the oil-receptacle is closed at the top, as indicated, and air is not admitted to the chamber G, (through which it must find its way to the space above the oil in receptacle A,) until the oil is consumed down to a point below the level of the perforation g and whenever this occurs the air passes down through a small air-tube, H.

The purpose of the chamber G is to contain a supply of oil, from which the receptacle F can be fed, as required, which supply is sufficient in quantity to always preventsudden ingress of air to the tube B when the lamp is tipped, and which cannot be too suddenly displaced under any circumstances, the hole 9 being quite small as compared with the size of the chamber. All this prevents fluctuation of the flame, as is observed in ordinary vacuumlamps whenever the down-feeding of oil takes place.

To insure a good joint between chamber G and tube B, the former is cut out slightly at top to conform to the contour of the tube,and the latter is then soldered thereon, its end being closed by a cap, B", and a small perforation in the under side made to communicate with chamber G. The tube B is also soldered at its union with the metallic cylinder I, and the two connections render the burner firm and steady upon the supporting-tube B.

The tubes F and Gare both soldered at the points where theyjoin the bottom plate ofthe oil-receptacle, and the tube G extends up to the metallic plate over the receptacle, where it is also soldered, holding these two parts firmly to their seats on the glass cylinder, and rendering the inner tubes solid and secure in their proper positions.

Air for the exterior of the flame is admitted through the perforated plates K K K, both inside and outside of the transparent cone L. To admit air outside of the cone, the metallic seat or base therefor is provided with a few small perforations at its lower part. The plates M and M are imperforated, and they form between them a channel, through which air finds its way down through tube H, in order to control the feeding. The tube H opens into the channel or air-chamber formed by M and M,at or near the bottom thereof, so that the chamber is drained of any oil that may collect therein. The cylindrical tip N (which may be made of glass or other vitreous material) rests inside of H, and any oil which weeps or creeps over the wick-tip on the inside finds its way down through the channel between M and M and through tube H into the oil-receptacle. This keeps the exterior of the lamp dry and free of accumulation of oil, whereby great cleanliness isinsured. The interior of tube F is also kept clean and dry by providing a cylindrical sect-ion, N, between which and the tube there is a space communicating at bottom with the space in which the wick is located, and operating to prevent any oil from creeping over into the interior of tube F.

The upper end of the air-tube is ribbed, as at f and the section N is firmly held in place by being made to fit tightly upon these ribs, leaving the requisite space between F and N for passage of the oil.

The upper part of the burner, including the plates K K K and the transparent cone L, are made removable together, to facilitate the operation of cleaning and lighting.

0 is an upright cylinder constituting the chimney-holderorseatforthechimney. Upon this, at suitable intervals, are secured sockets, one of which is represented at O, for the reception of the shade-holder arms. These arms (represented at Q) are made of metal, the lower ends of which completely fill the sockets or pockets 0, and are formed to correspond with the contour of the cylinder 0, so that they have a firm and steady bearing in their seats, from which they may be withdrawn whenever desired, as when packing the lamp for shipment.

The shadeR is of any of the usual patterns, and rests upon the arms Q, from which it may be detached by springing one of the arms.

The space above the oil in the receptacle F having only communication with the exterior air through the long and narrow tube H, it is plain that' no reverse draft orno blowing down the chimney (as is sometimes practiced'to eX- tinguish the light) can communicate fire to the oil or to the gases thereabove in the oil-receptacle. The wick-raiser shaftSpasses through the cylinder I, and is provided with tubes S and S the latter being closed at the outer end. These tubes fit the shaft closely, form boxes within which it is to be turned, and prevent any escape of oil through the shell I. The shell I forms a part of the oil-receptacle, and the wick-raiser shaft, being made to pass through this shell, is not removable with the burner-top as in other constructions.

The ratehetavheels S for bearing against the wick, are made double, as indicated, so as to afford a firm grip upon the wick without danger of slipping, and the teeth of each wheel are preferably made to alternate with those of the wheel next adjacent, theirpoints not being made so sharp as to cut the wick. The tube F is indicated at points opposite the position of the ratchets, so that the ratchets force the wick into the indentations, and thereby secure a firm hold on the wick, and insure its even travel up and down upon the wick-tube. The burner may be placed at a much lower level with respect to the reservoir than indicated in the figure, an advantage due to the means employed for controlling the feeding of the oil.

The transparent cone Lis readily removable from its metallieseat,which latter is connected with the chimney-supporting ring, so that while the burner-top may be dismounted the cone may be detached therefrom for cleaning or replacing, as may be required.

The lamp so constructed affords a large, brilliant, and steady flame, and in all respects is found in practice to admirably answer the several purposes or objects of the invention, as previously set forth.

I do not wish to be understood as making any claim to the mere mounting of the wickraiser shaft in tubular bearings. The bearings which I do claim are made oil-tight, and are located at a point above which the oil may rise, in which respects they differ from previous constructions.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a vacuum-lamp, the cylindrical valve at the bottom of the reservoir, provided with a stem projecting up through the reservoir, said valve entering a hollow tube containing the oil-escape orifice and arranged to move up and down past said orifice in order to govern the oil communication between the reservoir and the burner, substantially as shown and described.

2. In combination with the hollow cylindrical valve and its tubular seat, the interposed spiral spring, the valve being provided with means for forcing it down against the action of the spring, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The herein described support for the valve-seat, the same being aifixed to the reservoir atone side and provided with sockets for the reception of the oil-supply tube, and the air-tube leading to the upper part of the reservoir and the valve, arranged and combined substantially as shown.

4. In a vacuum-lamp, the valve-stem connecting the upper and lower valves, which respectively govern the inlet to and outlet from the reservoir, said stem being moved by a locking mechanism and removable key therefor applied at the upper endof said valve' stem, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, with the valve-stem carrying the two valves and the lock applied upon said stem, of the key connected with the cover and arranged to operate the lock and secure the cover, substantially as shown and described.

6. In combination with the valve-stem, the two-part lock and its easing, each part of said lock having inclined and fiat faces for abutting against each other, the lower part being prevented from turning, as explained, and the removable key for operating said lock, substantially as shown and described.

7. In combination with the reservoir, the feeding-funnel in the upper part thereof, the same being closed at bottom by a valve and made of transparent or translucent material, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. The lock-ease containing the two-part lock, which is connected with the valve-stem, said case being located within the feeding-funnel and arranged to receive and hold the key attached to the reservoir-cover, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In combination with the standard and the supply-tube connecting the reservoir and burner, the set-screw connected with the hollow ball through the medium of a shell upon which said ball is mounted and upon which it is arranged to revolve, thus permitting the turning or swinging ofthe lamp while the screw IIO IZC

remains stationary, substantially as shown and described.

10. In combination with the burner, the removable drip-cup arranged to be sprung upon the bottom thereof. and held in place, as set forth, and having the side and top foraminated plates, substantially as shown and described.

11. In combination with the drip-cup having the upper foraminated cover, the removable cleaning-plate,substantially as shown and described.

12. In a lamp-burner, the combination, with the central air-tube located in the oil-receptacle, of a second tube surrounding the first, also located within the oil-receptacle, and forming on one side a chamber for the reception of the wick and on the other an oil-space, oil being admitted to the outside chamber at or near its top and to the wick-chamber from the outside chamber at its bottom, substantially as shown and described.

13. In a lamp-burner, the enlarged chamber located within the oil-receptacle, receiving oil from the supply-tube and communieating with the receptacle through a small perforation, substantially as shown and described.

14. In a lamp-burner, the air-chamber at or near the top, communicating with oil-receptacle through an elongated tube, said tube being arranged to admit air to the oil-receptacle and to drain the air-chamber of oil which maycollect therein, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

15. In a lamp-burner, the short cylinder mounted upon the upper end of the central wick-tube and the cylindrical tip mounted upon the top part of the air-chamber in the upper part of the oil-receptacle, forming, respectively, with the wick-tube and top and bottom parts of said air-chamber channels, through which the overflowing oil from either side of the wick is directed back to the oilreceptacle, substantially as shown and described.

16. The band for supporting the chimney, the same having exterior sockets applied thereon and arranged to support the removable shade holder arms, said arms having their lower ends flattened or formed to correspond with the contour of the cylinder, as explained, so that they will have a steady bearing in their seats, all combined and arranged substantially as shown and described.

17. In combination with the wick raiser shaft, the two tubes entering the metallic shell upon theoil-receptacle, below the removable burner-top, one of said tubes being closed at its outer end, and both arranged to prevent leakage of oil, substantially as shown and described. g

18. Ihe hereindescribed wick raiser in which the ratchet-wheels are doubled, the teeth of one wheel being located, as explained, so that they fall opposite the spaces between the teeth of the other wheel, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

19. In combination with the wick-raising ratchets, the cylindrical wick-tube indented at points opposite said ratchets, the surface of the indentations being made to receive the wick as it is pressed therein by the teeth, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY WELLINGTON. \Vitnesess:

JOHN BUcKLnR, WORTH OSGOOD. 

